Manual irrigation pump

Instead, it gets released slowly and directly besides the roots, so it is available to the plant for a longer time and the water cannot evaporate directly. Another variation of pitcher irrigation uses porous pipes instead of pots to spread water along a continuous horizontal band in the soil, rather than at discrete locations. As such, the porous pipe method is more suitable for closely spaced row crops grown in beds, such as vegetable crops.

One end of the porous pipe is made protrude above ground that the operator is able to refill it with water as soon as it is necessary. In contrast to subsurface drip irrigation , the porous pipe distributes the water over the whole length and not only where it is perforated. That means it is less effective and water loss is slightly higher. An interesting variation of the pitcher method is the use of thin plastic sheeting to form a sleeve-like casing.

To define its comparative usefulness better, the method should be tested side by side with alternative methods of irrigation. To date, this has not been done systematically. All of the described systems are very cheap. Many of them can be made out easily available material e. This reduces the costs significantly. However, high labour inputs are required for operation and maintenance. As water is brought into the system manually, this requires high labour input. Moreover, it is important to check the systems regularly to prevent blockages and leakages.

Furthermore, there are several techniques to improve the production and avoid water loss on the fields. See crop selection. If wastewater is used for the manual irrigation process, there are potential health risks if water is not properly pre-treated i. If poorly treated wastewater is applied. Appropriate pre-treatment should precede any irrigation scheme to limit health risks to those who come in contact with the water.

As well, depending on the degree of treatment that the effluent has undergone, it may be contaminated with the different chemicals that are discharged into the system.

When effluent is used for irrigation, households and industries connected to the system should be made aware of the products that are and are not appropriate for discharging into the system. Drip irrigation and subsurface drip irrigation are the only types of irrigation that should be used with edible crops, and even then, care should be taken to prevent workers and harvested crops from coming in contact with the treated effluent.

Despite safety concerns, irrigation with effluent is an effective way to recycle nutrients and water see also fertigation or waterborne diseases pathogens and contaminants. Manual irrigation methods are appropriate for small-scale farming or backyard gardening irrigation in dry and arid climates where water is scarce.

All the different designs reduce water evaporation. It allows people to grow its own food with simple but effective techniques. This publication is an attempt to distil current information on irrigation methods that might be appropriate, and to offer some ideas on the possible adoption and adaptation of such methods by small-scale farmers in the semi-arid areas of sub-Saharan Africa.

GRID is published to assist communication between researchers and professionals in the spheres of irrigation and drainage. This compendium gives a systematic overview on different sanitation systems and technologies and describes a wide range of available low-cost sanitation technologies.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the potential and technical aspects of improving irrigation performance and reducing poverty simultaneously through applying a market creation approach to development. This field guide has been developed to accommodate the ever-increasing demand for more detailed and scientifically backed information on how to use urine in agricultural production. It is intended primarily for practitioners and experts in the water, sanitation, planning, and agriculture sectors, as well as local and national government officials from the various sectors, NGO and individuals interested and working in the field of agriculture and sustainable sanitation in the Philippines and the wider Southeast Asian region.

This manual features comprehensive parts lists and instructions for assembling low-cost drip irrigation systems.

Treadle pump technology can be a powerful tool for poverty reduction in this region. The drought of and the famine that followed in politically instable Somalia highlighted the vulnerability of the lowlands of the Horn of Africa.

It is a story revisited with high frequency — , , and Climate variability is easily mentioned as the main attributing factor. Clearly it is — but there is also extensive land use change, because of the widespread invasion of invasive species prosopis in particular and the decimation of natural wood stands for charcoal production particularly in Somalia. In the Afar lowlands in Ethiopia food aid has become part of the livelihoods, with most of the people dependent on it — including reportedly middle class families.

There is a growing realization that water resource development — appropriate to the context — has to have a place in addressing food insecurity in the Horn of Africa.

This paper focuses on irrigation policy and practice in the arid lowlands of the Horn that have been hit hardest and most frequent in the drought episodes. There are presently no formal guidelines for the use of greywater in South Africa. This paper presents the rationale and framework of a guidance document for the sustainable use of greywater to irrigate gardens and small-scale agriculture in South Africa, developed under the auspices of the Water Research Commission.

This book is written for practitioners, researchers and graduate students in environmental and public health, sanitary and agricultural engineering, and wastewater irrigation management in developing countries. In particular, it should be useful for all those working to assess and mitigate health risks from the use of wastewater and faecal sludge in agriculture, under conditions where wastewater treatment is absent or inadequate to safeguard public health.

This PDF-presentation shows photos of drip system components and installations in Nepal. This websites describes traditional farming in China and what watering cans have been used. The website of International Development Enterprises IDE contains many technology- documents, photos and information about the water and agricultural section in developing countries.

Get the latest updates on trainings, new articles or perspectives related to SSWM delivered directly to your inbox! See our data use policy for details.

Let your search flow Search. What is a perspective? You are here Inclusive innovation and service delivery Labour intensive technologies and solutions Manual Irrigation. Executive Summary Manual irrigation systems are very simple, but effective methods for making water available to crops. Higher yields, better quality, higher germination rate, lower incidence of pest attack. User need a basic training to install and use the correct most of the method.

If the water is not properly filtered and the equipment not properly maintained, it can result in clogging. Manual subsurface drip irrigation avoids the high capillary potential of traditional surface applied irrigation, which can draw salt deposits up from deposits below. Introduction Factsheet Block Body. Costs Considerations Factsheet Block Body.

If it is not known what influence irrigation solution might have on a patient, consult with appropriate medical professionals before using this device. When the pump is used alone for an ablation procedure, without being controlled by an RF generator, high flow of the irrigation solution should be started before the RF energy is turned on to allow the desired flow rate to be reached at the tip of the catheter. High flow should be continued for a few seconds after the RF energy is turned off in order to avoid thrombus formation on the ablation electrode.

Use only the mains cable supplied by the manufacturer or distributor for the country where the pump is being used. Use only fuses approved by the manufacturer.

The indicator for the foot pedal receptacle and the indicator for the COMM 1 receptacle are orange to indicate that the receptacles are functional and are ready for connection. To connect a circular plug to the pump, align the arrow on the plug with the mark on the receptacle and push in without unnecessary force until a click indicates that the connector is locked in the receptacle.

If the plug does not fit in the receptacle, verify that the color coding matches and that the number of pins in the plug is appropriate for the receptacle. To remove a circular plug, gently pull back the sleeve on the plug and pull the plug out of the receptacle.

Connect one end of the green and yellow potential equalization cable provided with the pump to the grounding connection on the back of the pump see Item 24 in Section 3. For additional instructions, see Section 5.

Press and hold the Low Standby Flow button while you briefly press the Stand-by button. Release the Low Standby Flow button when the Options screen appears.

Press the Stand-by button to remove the information from the screen. The pump will Note: The Service selection on the Options screen is for use by a service engineer certified by the manufacturer.

If damp cleaning is necessary, moisten a soft cotton or linen cloth with commercial grade glass cleaner that does not contain alcohol and wipe the screen. Do not spray the cleaner directly onto the screen.

Water or soapy water is recommended for cleaning. Make sure that no liquid penetrates the inside of the pump. Do not use any agent containing ethyl alcohol to clean the pump. Iodine or disinfectants containing dyes cause discoloration of the housing and should not be used. Perform disinfection by wiping, not spraying. Avoid condensation. If cleaning or disinfecting the pump with flammable or explosive substances cannot be avoided, make sure these substances have completely evaporated before the pump is turned on.

This includes installing the pump in a safe location and protecting the pump against moisture, contamination, and contact with flammable or explosive substances. Make sure that all cables to devices and accessories are arranged in a way that prevents tripping. If the original packaging is not available, contact the manufacturer or distributor for a replacement.

To ensure proper disposal, there is the option of contacting your Biosense Webster representative regarding return of the pump and its accessories. If you use accessories not authorized by the manufacturer, the safety of the device and system is not guaranteed.

If the logo does not disappear after 3 seconds, or if the indicators do not light, or if the tone cannot be heard, there could be a problem see Section 6. Note: If the generator is on when the pump is connected to the generator, the pump automatically turns on.

If the generator is off when the pump is connected to the generator, the pump automatically turns on when the generator is turned on. To turn the pump off, press the Stand-by button for at least 3 seconds. When the generator is turned off, the pump automatically turns off. You can continue to use the pump when this image is displayed but service will be required soon. Contact Customer Support. Also see the instructions for use provided with the tubing. Open the pump door see Item 15 in Section 3.

Put the tubing between the pressure plate and the pump head see Items 1 and 2 in Section 3. Make sure that the arrows on the tubing point in the same direction as the arrows on the pressure plate. Make sure that the tubing is in the grooves in the plates on each side of the pump head see the arrows in the drawing at the left.

Gently stretch the tubing that extends from the right side of the pump head and insert it in the air bubble sensor see Item 17 in Section 3. Close the pump door. The pressure plate compresses the tubing to prevent fluid from flowing freely through the tubing set. Take care not to pinch fingers when shutting the pump door. After installing the tubing, flush the tubing as described in Section 5.

The pump will not start fluid delivery if the tubing has not been flushed. After the tubing has been installed, perform the following steps: Press and hold the Flush button to remove all air bubbles from the tubing and the catheter.

The pump head continues to rotate during flushing. The following images appear on the screen during flushing to indicate whether bubbles are detected in the bubble sensor area.

This ensures that all bubbles have been flushed from the catheter. Press the Low Standby Flow button to start the pump at the low standby flow rate.

Press the High Ablation Flow button to start the pump at the high ablation flow rate. During high ablation flow, the High Ablation Flow button blinks as a reminder that high ablation flow is selected and that it is possible to overload the patient with fluid. Verify that the pump head is rotating. The pump head is located behind the transparent pump door. See Items 2 and 15 in Section 3. The flow rates can be changed at any time, including when low standby flow or high ablation flow is active.

Remove the tubing after use. Flush the is not routed to the catheter. Then, press the Stop bubble s from the tubing per Section 5. After flushing, turn the 4-way stopcock to allow fluid to be routed to the catheter again. Note: After an air bubble has been detected, the tubing must be flushed. It is not possible to start fluid delivery using the Low Standby Flow flushing has not been performed.

After the generator recognizes the change, the white image shown above reappears. This is the same as pressing the High Ablation Flow flow rate. Off Blinks red none A bubble was detected during no flow either because there is air in the tubing or because the tubing is not in the bubble sensor.

Patient danger!! Be sure to clear the bubble before starting the flow, even if the warning message disappears see Section 5. Note: Opening the door can move the tubing slightly, causing the bubbles to move out of the bubble sensor area. Inspect the tubing carefully! If the warning does not disappear, contact Customer Support. The Stop button was pressed for more than 25 seconds or the Stop button is stuck.

Release the Stop button. Release the pressed button s. If two pumps are connected, both pumps will go into low standby flow. Disconnect one pump from the generator. If the warning occurs again, replace the connection cable with a new cable. If the problem persists, operate the pump using the pump user interface and contact Customer Support. Off Off none There is a problem with the connection cable from the generator to the pump.

Disconnect the cable and reconnect it or turn the pump off and on. If the problem persists, operate the pump using the pump user interface or the foot pedal and contact Customer Support. Off Off none There is a problem with the foot pedal. Disconnect the foot pedal and reconnect it or turn the pump off and on. If the problem persists, operate the pump using the pump user interface or the generator interface and contact Customer Support. Off Off none The internal battery has low voltage.

Blinks red Blinks red Many small bubbles Many small bubbles were detected during high ablation or low standby flow. Then press the Stop button on the pump. Be sure to clear the bubble before starting the flow, even if the error message disappears. See Section 5. Be sure to clear the bubbles before starting the flow, even if the error message disappears. Irrigation Pump User Manual Image 6. Either there is an interruption in the pump head rotation or there is a hardware failure.

Check for an interruption in the pump head rotation, such as a blocked fluid path in the tubing pinched tubing or damage to the tubing in the pump head area.

If an interruption is found, clear the interruption.